What’s something you are working on right now?
Currently, I am working on a complete cryogenic workflow for studying battery interfaces. Given the reactivity of many battery materials, and the presence of liquid electrolytes, these interfaces are very challenging to characterize by traditional methods. By freezing the cells and performing all subsequent processing and characterization at cryogenic temperatures, these issues can be mitigated. First, the intact coin cells are frozen in liquid nitrogen. Then, the cells are cross-sectioned using a triple argon ion-beam miller to reveal all layers of the cell (cathode, separator, anode). Then, the still frozen sample is transferred to a FIB-SEM where a TEM lamella is prepared via focused ion beam milling (FIB). The lamella is attached to a TEM grid and transferred to a special cryogenic TEM holder so that TEM imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) can be performed at cryogenic temperatures to reveal the nanoscale structure and composition of these interfaces.
What’s the best part of the project you’re working on now?
My favorite part of this project is capturing the images of these interfaces in their intrinsic state. Often, coin cells are disassembled to study the electrodes. By keeping the layers intact, we can “see” what is actually happening to the battery after cycling.
What advice would you give to future students that could see themselves going to graduate school and how to get there?
Find a research topic that you are passionate about and an advisor that will support you. Graduate school can be a grueling experience. There are many long days (sometimes long nights) and often research involves more failed experiments than successful ones. It can be easy to get stressed out and burned out. However, having a project you are passionate about and a research group / advisor that supports you will make it much easier. On a similar note, choose the research, not the university.
What are some of your goals for your work, future, grad school, etc?
In the near term, I intend to finish the current project I am working on and defend my PhD dissertation this summer. I then hope to find a role either in industry as a FIB/TEM operator or in academia as a staff scientist.
What is your favorite thing to do outside of school/work?
Outside of work, I enjoy weight lifting, video games, and watching shows with my wife.